ADU Pass
Courtland
ADU Pass helps homeowners in Courtland, Southampton County, Virginia navigate the permit paperwork for building an accessory dwelling unit. This area covers 1 ZIP code.
Map
ADU details
ADU legality: allowed-with-restrictions
ADUs are permitted in Courtland under Town zoning subject to accessory-apartment district standards. Town parcels follow Town zoning exclusively. SB 531 introduces a statewide by-right ADU floor and $500 permit-fee cap effective 2027-07-01.
Cost scenarios
| Scenario | Sq ft | Permit | Build | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| minimum | 250 | $1,075 | $51,250 | $52,325 |
| 600 | 600 | $1,075 | $123,000 | $124,075 |
| midpoint | 625 | $1,075 | $128,125 | $129,200 |
| maximum | 1,000 | $1,075 | $205,000 | $206,075 |
Fee breakdown (as of 2026-05)
Permitting process
Viability (permitted uses)
- Long-term rental: yes Long-term rental of an ADU is permitted; Virginia Residential Landlord and Tenant Act governs.
- Short-term rental: with-restrictions STR demand supported by County-seat business (courthouse, county government), historic district tourism, and Nottoway River paddling. Town STR regulations apply; Virginia Transient Occupancy Tax applies.
- Office rental: with-restrictions Detached office rental requires home-occupation approval; courthouse-business office demand.
- Home office: yes Home occupation permitted in residential districts.
- Studio / workshop: yes Personal studio is a permitted accessory use.
- Agriculture: no Town residential districts do not permit primary agriculture.
- Relative support: yes Family / in-law accessory housing is permitted; older Town homes often have rear-yard outbuildings suitable for conversion.
Incentives
Contacts
Utilities
- Water: Town of Courtland Water Department · 25d connect · $3,700 · separate meter required
- Sewer: Town of Courtland Wastewater · 28d connect · $4,700
- Electric: Dominion Energy Virginia · 22d connect · $2,100
- Gas: Bottled propane (no piped natural gas) · 14d connect · $1,900
Property values & taxes
Construction timeline
Realistic total: best 8mo · typical 12mo · worst 17mo
Modular pathway inspectors are experienced with modular
Financing
State ADU loans:
Insurance impact
HOA prevalence & preemption
Virginia has no HOA-ADU preemption. Courtland has limited HOA subdivision stock; historic core is fee-simple.
Technical envelope (climate & building code)
Climate & energy code
Building code
Amendments:
- Amendment
- Amendment
Contractor market (aggregate)
Legal history (timeline)
Current ordinance: Town of Courtland Zoning Ordinance
- 1791-01-01 — Jerusalem established as Southampton County seat (local-ordinance)
Jerusalem was established as the Southampton County seat in 1791, on the Nottoway River south of the original county seat at Smith's Mills.
Effect: Town has held continuous Southampton County seat status for over 230 years. - 1831-08-21 — Nat Turner's Rebellion - Jerusalem (Courtland) trials site (other)
Nat Turner's slave rebellion erupted in August 1831 in rural Southampton; the trials of participants were held at the Jerusalem courthouse.
Effect: Town later renamed 'Courtland' (1888) in part to distance from the rebellion's national associations. - 1888-01-01 — Jerusalem renamed Courtland (local-ordinance)
The Town was renamed Courtland in 1888 referring to the Courthouse Square at its center.
Effect: Town adopted a name reflecting its role as Southampton County seat. - 1979-01-01 — Va. Code Section 15.2-2280 zoning authority codified (Dillon Rule baseline) (state-statute)
Virginia delegated zoning authority to localities without statewide ADU preemption.
Effect: Town of Courtland governs ADU rules through its own ordinance. - 2026-04-14 — Virginia SB 531 signed by Governor Spanberger (state-statute)
Statewide by-right ADU mandate signed.
Effect: Effective 2027-07-01, Courtland must permit ADUs by-right in single-family residential districts; permit fees capped at $500.
Known issues (1)
- other — Add 4-6 weeks for ARB review in historic district; verify district status with Town Hall.
Southampton County — county ADU rules and overlays
County ADU ordinance
Southampton County does NOT maintain a standalone accessory-dwelling-unit ordinance with dedicated definitional and dimensional standards. ADUs are regulated indirectly through the Zoning Ordinance's treatment of 'accessory use,' 'accessory structure,' 'guest house,' and 'family-member dwelling' provisions in combination with the per-district use schedules. In the A-1 Agricultural district, which covers the great majority of county acreage, a 'family-member dwelling' or farm-labor tenant dwelling is typically permitted subject to minimum lot area requirements and demonstrated agricultural or family-member use; a fully independent second dwelling for non-family occupancy on a single lot typically requires a Special Use Permit from the Board of Supervisors after Planning Commission recommendation. In the R-R Rural Residential and R-1 / R-2 Residential districts, accessory structures (workshops, detached garages, no-kitchen guest cottages) are typically permitted by-right subject to setback, height, and lot-coverage standards; an independent second dwelling in those districts typically requires SUP review. In the M Mobile Home Park district, manufactured-home density is governed by the district's specific provisions. Applicants should confirm current ordinance text with the Southampton County Department of Community Development before committing to a project pro forma — the ordinance has been amended periodically and ADU-like allowances vary by district and by Zoning Administrator interpretation of the 'customarily incidental' accessory-use standard.
County regulatory overlays
Southampton County administers several overlay regimes that bear on ADU projects. The relevant overlays / hazard layers are: (1) a Floodplain Overlay District tied to FEMA Special Flood Hazard Areas along the Blackwater River, the Nottoway River, the Meherrin River, and their tributaries — the county is bisected and bordered by major Coastal Plain rivers that drain south toward the Albemarle Sound system in North Carolina; (2) NRHP-listed historic resources scattered across the county including Nat Turner Trail sites at the 1831 rebellion locations (Cross Keys, the original Travis house site, Belmont, and other parcels along the rebellion's path) and various NRHP-listed plantations and village cores; (3) the Erosion and Sediment Control program for projects disturbing more than 10,000 sqft; (4) any town-administered historic-preservation in the incorporated towns. The Chesapeake Bay Preservation Act DOES NOT apply (Southampton drains to the Chowan / Albemarle Sound system, not to the Chesapeake watershed, and is not a Tidewater designated locality). There is NO California-style coastal commission, NO CalFire-equivalent WUI overlay, NO seismic-retrofit overlay, and NO airport-noise overlay materially affecting county parcels.
County permitting (unincorporated parcels)
Southampton County's Department of Community Development handles zoning permits, Special Use Permits, site plan review, subdivision review, building-permit issuance, inspections, and floodplain-overlay administration for every parcel in the county except those inside the incorporated towns (Boykins, Branchville, Capron, Ivor, Newsoms) or inside the City of Franklin (an independent city geographically embedded but politically separate). A typical ADU-like permit bundle (where a second dwelling is permitted) includes: (1) a Special Use Permit from the Board of Supervisors with Planning Commission recommendation, unless the parcel qualifies for an A-1 family-member or farm-labor dwelling allowance, (2) a Zoning Permit confirming use compliance and district setback compliance, (3) a Building Permit with stamped residential plans, (4) Electrical, Plumbing, and Mechanical trade permits, (5) a Virginia Department of Health (VDH) - Western Tidewater Health District construction permit for well and/or septic on parcels not served by public water or sewer (which is the great majority of unincorporated parcels — public water/sewer service is concentrated near the towns and the Franklin urban service area), (6) a Floodplain Development Permit if any portion of the parcel intersects the mapped Special Flood Hazard Area (the Blackwater River, the Nottoway River, and the Meherrin River drainages all carry mapped floodplains), (7) an Erosion and Sediment Control Plan for projects disturbing more than 10,000 sqft, (8) any applicable local historic-overlay review (limited but present at Nat Turner Trail sites and certain plantation parcels). The Chesapeake Bay Preservation Act DOES NOT apply in Southampton County — the CBPA reaches only Tidewater localities, and Southampton's Coastal Plain drainage is to the Albemarle Sound (Chowan River system) rather than the Chesapeake Bay watershed.
Virginia state — ADU law and programs
State ADU law
Virginia has NOT enacted a statewide ADU preemption law. Virginia is a Dillon Rule state — localities possess only those powers expressly granted by the General Assembly — and the statutes granting zoning authority (Va. Code § 15.2-2280 et seq.) leave ADU regulation to local ordinances. ADU permission, setbacks, parking, size, and owner-occupancy rules therefore vary by county, independent city, and town. Virginia is unique in that it has 38 independent cities that function as counties (neither in nor subordinate to the surrounding county), meaning 'the county' for any given Virginia property may be an independent city rather than a true county. Several ADU preemption bills have been introduced in recent General Assembly sessions (2022 through 2025) without enactment; none have advanced past committee as of the Assembly's 2026 regular session adjournment.
State financing programs
Virginia does not operate an ADU-specific statewide loan, grant, or forgivable-loan program. Virginia Housing (formerly the Virginia Housing Development Authority, VHDA — rebranded 2020) administers general first-time-homebuyer, down-payment-assistance (DPA), mortgage-credit-certificate, and rehabilitation products that can be applied to ADU-adjacent purchases or improvements when eligibility criteria are met, but none target ADU construction as a distinct product. The Virginia Department of Housing and Community Development (DHCD) administers federal HOME and CDBG pass-through funds that local jurisdictions can direct toward ADU-adjacent rehab, but there is no state-level ADU-dedicated line item. Federally available products (FHA 203(k), Fannie Mae HomeReady and HomeStyle Renovation, Freddie Mac CHOICERenovation) remain the primary ADU financing path for Virginia homeowners.
State housing programs
Virginia does not run a state-level pre-approved-ADU-plan catalog, statewide impact-fee-waiver statute for ADUs, or streamlined-review mandate. State-level programs that touch ADU-adjacent policy are coordinated primarily through the Department of Housing and Community Development (DHCD) and Virginia Housing, and act by funding or assisting local jurisdictions rather than by preemption. Local ADU activity — Arlington County's Accessory Dwellings program (detached ADUs permitted since 2008, liberalized 2020), Alexandria's accessory-dwelling ordinance, Fairfax County's accessory-living-unit program, and Charlottesville's 2021 zoning-code changes — is authorized under the localities' Va. Code § 15.2-2280 zoning authority, not by state mandate.
- DHCD Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program — Federal CDBG funds administered by DHCD to eligible non-entitlement Virginia localities for community-revitalization, housing-rehab, and infrastructure projects. Not ADU-specific. Participating localities can direct CDBG funds toward housing-rehab projects where local policy supports ADUs.
- DHCD HOME Investment Partnerships Program — Federal HOME funds administered by DHCD to Virginia participating jurisdictions and non-profits for affordable-housing acquisition, rehab, and new construction. Not ADU-specific; can be directed to ADU-adjacent rehab at local discretion.
- Virginia Housing Commission — Permanent advisory commission of the General Assembly that studies housing-policy questions and recommends legislation. Has periodically studied ADU preemption and missing-middle housing without recommending statewide enactment as of 2026-04-21.
- Local ADU ordinances under Va. Code § 15.2-2280 authority — Not a state program — listed here because Virginia ADU policy is executed entirely at the locality level under the § 15.2-2280 zoning grant. A homeowner seeking to build an ADU consults the zoning ordinance of the specific county, city, or town where the parcel is located.
Federal (United States) — ADU-relevant rules and programs
Federal ADU law
The United States has no federal statute that directly regulates accessory dwelling unit entitlement or design. Land-use authority over ADUs resides with states and local governments under the traditional police power. Federal engagement is limited to financing (Fannie/Freddie/FHA/VA/USDA), flood insurance (FEMA/NFIP), and discretionary housing programs (HUD), which are recorded in sibling sections of this file.
Federal financing programs
Federal housing-finance agencies and GSEs set nationwide underwriting rules that govern whether an ADU can be financed, appraised, and counted toward mortgage qualifying income. The relevant actors are Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, FHA (HUD), VA, and USDA Rural Development.
Federal tax credits
There is no ADU-specific federal tax credit. ADUs may incidentally qualify for existing federal energy-efficiency and clean-energy tax credits when the ADU construction includes qualifying measures.
Federal housing programs
HUD administers several discretionary programs that can fund ADU-related activity at the grantee's election, but none is an ADU-specific program.
ZIP Code
- 23837
Post Office
- 22183 Main St, 23837